Coffee filter lab as objects fall, they increase their speed due to the numbers of pleated coffee filters tightly together and analyzed the motion of the stacks of filters. Because we are unclear about what effect the surface area may have on the terminal velocity, we shall keep it as constant as we can by using the same coffee filter. This lab that our entire class have conducted deals with the relationship of an objects physical surface area to time it takes to hit terminal. Two readings of d and l not enoughonly two readings too few readings. Stokes law is a proposition that relates the drag force experienced by a falling sphere to the spheres constant velocity in a liquid of known viscosity. Terminal velocity lab coffee filters free pdf ebook. Pdf drag coefficient and settling velocity for particles.
Terminal velocity and free fall are two related concepts that tend to get confusing because they depend on whether or not a body is in empty space or in a fluid e. The object is dropped at time t 0, then proceeds through t 1 and t 2 before reaching terminal velocity at time t 3. Pdf determination of viscosity from terminal velocity of a falling. Raindrops fall at a much lower terminal velocity, and a mist of tiny oil droplets. Unitoperations 3 2 minimum velocity of fluidization the minimum velocity at which a bed of particles. Terminal velocity is the fastest an object will move solely under the influence of gravity. A common experiment in physics classes involves the use of basket coffee filters to determine how the mass of a falling object relates to its terminal velocity. The details of the minimum velocity depend upon a number of factors, including the shape, size, density, and polydispersity of the particles. Compare and contrast the terminal velocity of a falling sheet of paper noncrumpled and a falling. Kinematics and terminal velocity october 19, 2006 introduction preparation before coming to lab, you should have read the lab handout on uncertainty and measurement, as well as completed lab 1. During the experiment we had to calculate the average time and final speed to obtain the terminal velocity of the balloon. Terminal velocity lab coffee filters free pdf ebooks. The terminal velocity of an object is the speed at which the force of drag equals the force of gravity on that object.
Make sure that you are actually measuring the terminal velocity by measuring the velocity of. The reason for this discrepancy, of course, is the drag force due to air resistance. Use this worksheet to predict your terminal velocity in the wind tunnel. They determined the terminal velocity of the stacks of filters. Terminal velocity lab report 1 by vanessageedesigns issuu. Physics 101 lab manual princeton physics princeton university. The effect of area on the terminal velocity of a falling object. In this experiment, you will measure terminal velocity as a function of mass for falling coffee filters, and use the data to choose between the two models for the drag. Describe an experiment that could be carried out in order to measure the terminal velocity of an object falling under gravity. Investigate the time required to reach or approach terminal velocity.
In this experiment we will use stokes law and the concept of terminal velocity to determine the viscosity of glycerin. A typical skydiver in a spreadeagle position will reach terminal velocity after about 12. Stokes law, reynolds number, and measuring liquid viscosity. Samples of student report sections the report sections that follow are from various experiments. The pdf version of the teacher toolkit on the topic of air resistance and terminal velocity is displayed below. List of limitations and improvements of physics lab. An experiment from which you can calculate terminal velocity. Viscosity stokes law viscosity is a property of uids liquids and gases which determines how much resistance is experienced by an object trying to move through the uid. Student exploration freefall laboratory answer key by. Student exploration freefall laboratory answer key. In newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting. A typical terminal velocity for a parachutist who delays opening the chute is about 150 miles 240 kilometres per hour. The physics classroom grants teachers and other users the right to print this pdf document and to download this pdf document for private use.
Kinematics and terminal velocity harvard university. The purpose of this lab was to find the relationship between an objects terminal velocity and its mass. Terminal velocity abstract the lab that our class has conducted observes and verifies the relationship that exists between an objects mass and its terminal velocity during free fall, while keeping the surface area that is perpendicular to the ground constant. A lab scale experiment to measure terminal velocity of volcanic ash. Terminal velocity occurs when the weight of the object our coffee filters exactly equals the upwardly directed air resistance. View lab report samterminal vel pdf from che 341 at university of ilorin. The only formula i can think of is fma, but i dont see how that is relevent. Because of their large surface area and small mass, coffee filters reach terminal velocity almost instantly. Laboratory analysis of settling velocities of wastewater particles in seawater using holography by rueenfang theresa wang eql report no. The overall force on the object is balance or zero. Terminal velocity is the maximum velocity a object can reach when falling to earth with only the acceleration due to gravity acting on them.
Determine the viscosity of an unknown fluid 1 at your lab station you will find several different sizes of spheres of different materials. List of limitations and improvements of physics lab experiments 1. Experiments on the viscosity and freezing point of a starch water mixture chunyang ding physics department, interlake high school, washington 98008. A group of physics students are investigating the terminal velocity. What can a skydiver do to change their terminal velocity. The purpose of this lab was to calculate the terminal velocity of a balloon that had four quarters attached to it. Because the terminal velocity, u t, is a constant for a. Experiments on the viscosity and freezing point of a. After completing a sufficient number of trails, we created a graph to represent the data received, making it. To simplify our approach, we will allow the ball to reach terminal velocity prior to making the time measurements. This final constant velocity of motion is called a terminal velocity. Terminal velocity worksheet high school use this worksheet to predict your terminal velocity in the wind tunnel.
Include any equations you would use or calculations you would make. One lab partner then proceeds to swing the apparatus, while the other one times how long it takes for the system to. We almost always neglect air resistance by assuming it is so small as to be. Models of air resistance aka drag that include the effects of surface area and velocity typically take the form fdrag kav t p, where k is a constant, a is the surface area, v t is the terminal velocity, and p is the power relationship used in the model for terminal velocity.
During your flight, an instructor will record your actual terminal velocity. Pdf a labscale experiment to measure terminal velocity. The effect of area on the terminal velocity of a falling. Kinematics and terminal velocity instructional physics lab. The terminal velocity in ms factoring in assuming that the velocity. The most important constant for this lab is maintaining the same surface area that is dropped each time.
Take a look at the definitions and equations of the terms, how they are related, and how fast a body falls in free fall or at terminal velocity under different conditions. Air resistance depends on the objects surface area and its velocity. Ive heard the term especially when the discovery channel is covering something about sky diving. A labscale experiment to measure terminal velocity. Terminal velocity is the maximum speed a falling object will reach before the air resistance force balances out gravitational force. Eventually the air resistance acting upwards on the objects equals the weight acting downwards. The increase in velocity is accompanied by an increase in air resistance drag. Coffee filter lab as objects fall, they increase their speed due to the. Learning objectives and relevant standards are also included in the pdf version of the complete toolkit.
Drag coefficient and settling velocity for particles of cylindrical shape article pdf available in powder technology 1832. This lab was very interesting to me because i was able to predict and reason out. Velocity to bring up the manual column options dialog box. Later, you will compare the two values and see how close your prediction was. Since the sphere is falling with constant velocity there is a. This experiment uses the terminal velocity of a falling sphere to determine the viscosity. Also, it is commonly known that halo hialtitude, loopening infantry reaches terminal velocity before their chutes open. In order to conduct this experiment, we will use video. At terminal velocity, how will the vertical forces on a skydiver compare. Freefall laboratory answer key download student exploration. Suppose you dropped a feather and a hammer at the same time. The terminal velocity value is the final, constant velocity value achieved by the falling object. Terminal velocity occurs when the iflyer is stable, or.
Under the conditions of this lab, the objects you will drop coffee filters will reach terminal. Chemical engineering laboratory 3, ce 427 packed and fluidized bed experiment introduction packed and fluidized beds play a major role in many chemical engineering processes. At this point, the minimum fluidization velocity, the bed becomes fluidized, and the bed height blue line increases. In appendix a, at the end of this lab script, you will. Conclusion in this lab we were able to learn how mass and surface area affects the terminal velocity of an object. The pdf version of the complete toolkit contains all the resources with full descriptions in a printerfriendly format. Pdf in newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where its weight is the. In addition, you should be familiar with the material in chapters 2, 4 and 5 of giancoli.
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